![]() ![]() Verbal communication involves the words you say, and nonverbal communication involves how you say them-your tone of voice, your facial expression, body language, and so forth. While this example has an unfavorable outcome, it points out a way in which oral and written communication processes are similar.Īnother way in which oral and written forms of communication are similar is that they can be divided into verbal and nonverbal categories. Try switching the “Context” and “Interference” examples from Oral to Written, and you will see that mismatched expectations and time zone confusion can happen by phone or by e-mail. Heather waits for a phone call from Jay at 3:15, but he doesn’t call.Īs you can see from the applications in this example, at least two different kinds of interference have the potential to ruin a conference call, and the interference can exist regardless of whether the communication to plan the call is oral or written. Heather calls in at 3:15, but she has missed the call because she forgot that she is in a different time zone from Jay. ![]() Jay expects Heather to check her e-mail for the call-in information so that she can join the call.Īlso known as noise, interference is anything that blocks or distorts the communication process. Heather expects Jay to dial and connect the call. Heather expects Jay to send an e-mail with the call-in information for the call. ![]() The context involves the psychological expectations of the source and receiver. Heather is at her desk when she receives Jay’s e-mail. Heather is traveling by train on a business trip when she receives Jay’s phone call. The environment is the physical atmosphere where the communication occurs. Heather replies with an e-mail saying yes. Jay’s e-mail asks Heather to participate in a conference call at 3:15.Ī channel is the way a message travels between source and receiver.įeedback is the message the receiver sends in response to the source. Jay asks Heather to participate in a conference call at 3:15. ![]() The message is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver. Table 4.1 Eight Essential Elements of Communication Element of CommunicationĪ source creates and communicates a message.Ī receiver receives the message from the source. Table 4.1 "Eight Essential Elements of Communication" summarizes these elements and provides examples of how each element might be applied in oral and written communication. They both rely on the basic communication process, which consists of eight essential elements: source, receiver, message, channel, receiver, feedback, environment, context, and interference. Oral and written forms of communication are similar in many ways. Yet when we are asked to write something, we often feel anxious and view writing as a more effortful, exacting process than talking would be. Writing a message to friends or colleagues can be as natural as talking to them. Still, if they know you well, they may mentally “hear” your voice in your written words. People often say “it was good to hear from you” when they receive an e-mail or a letter, when in fact they didn’t hear the message, they read it. The written word often stands in place of the spoken word. Explain how written communication is similar to oral communication, and how it is different. ![]()
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